Diffrence between nginx & apache :-

Apache is a process-based server, while nginx is an event-based web server.Nginx known as “engineX” probably the best-known asynchronous server and Apache is undoubtedly the best known process-based server.

The main advantage of the asynchronous approach is scalability. In a process-based server, each simultaneous connection requires a thread which incurs significant overhead. An asynchronous server, on the other hand, is event-driven and handles requests in a single (or at least, very few) threads.

While a process-based server can often perform on par with an asynchronous server under light loads, under heavier loads they usually consume far too much RAM which significantly degrades performance. Also, they degrade much faster on less powerful hardware or in a resource-restricted environment such as a VPS.

Pulling numbers from thin air for illustrative purposes, serving 10,000 simultaneous connections would probably only cause Nginx to use a few megabytes of RAM whereas Apache would probably consume hundreds of megabytes (if it could do it at all).

Nginx+cPanel+Apache= Performance boosted secured hosting server

How NginxAdmin will help your cPanel server to increase the performance ?

NginxAdmin is WHM interface of Nginx installer for cPanel server. This plugin will increase your server performance and decrease the server Apache Load. So you can host more websites in a cPanel server than usual.Nginx is known for its high performance, stability, rich feature set, simple configuration, and low resource consumption.Unlike traditional servers, Nginx doesn’t rely on threads to handle requests. Instead it uses a much more scalable event-driven architecture. This architecture uses small, but more importantly, predictable amounts of memory under load.

Even if you don’t expect to handle thousands of simultaneous requests, you can still benefit from Nginx’s high-performance and small memory footprint. Nginx scales in all directions: from the smallest VPS all the way up to clusters of servers.

To install copy and execute following lines :-

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://nginxcp.com/nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
# tar -xvf nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
# cd publicnginx
# ./nginxinstaller install
# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

Troubleshooting Installation:-

If you receive any pyaml related error or the following error

—————————–
Welcome to the Nginx Admin installer……Starting Install
Generating vhosts…
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/scripts/createvhosts.py”, line 2, in ?
import yaml
File “/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-i686.egg/yaml/__init__.py”, line 26
SyntaxError: ‘yield’ not allowed in a ‘try’ block with a ‘finally’ clause
Installing WHM interface…
deploying booster rockets
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/usr/local/src/publicnginx/nginxinstaller2″, line 9, in ?
import createvhosts
File “/usr/local/src/publicnginx/createvhosts.py”, line 2, in ?
import yaml
File “/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-i686.egg/yaml/__init__.py”, line 26
SyntaxError: ‘yield’ not allowed in a ‘try’ block with a ‘finally’ clause
——————————

Then run execute following commands ….
For i686 architecture :-

# easy_install Pyyaml==3.09
# rm -f /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-i686.egg

For x86_64 architecture :-

# easy_install Pyyaml==3.09
# rm -f /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-x86_64.egg

Then Again run the following commands :-

# ./nginxinstaller install
# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

Now Nginx run on the port no:80 and apache run on the port no.8081.You can manage the nginx through WHM >> Main >> Nginx Admin

To uninstall nginx use following :-

#  cd /usr/local/src
#  wget http://nginxcp.com/nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
#  tar xf nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
#  cd publicnginx
#  ./nginxinstaller uninstall

Enjoy Linux…!!!!

The following are the instructions for installing a fully fuctional Mp4Box plugins with ffmpeg. You first need to install ffmepg and all its related modules using the script  from  this website. Then please proceed the following steps.

#  yum -y install freetype-devel SDL-devel freeglut-devel
#  wget -c http://mirror.ffmpeginstaller.com/source/gpac/gpac-full-0.4.5.tar.gz
#  tar -xzf gpac-full-0.4.5.tar.gz
#  cd gpac/
# ./configure –-prefix=/usr/local/cpffmpeg/ –-extra-cflags=-I/usr/local/cpffmpeg/include/ –-extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/cpffmpeg/lib –-disable-wx –-strip

#  make
#  make install
Then create softlink for the same :-

#  ln -s /usr/local/cpffmpeg/bin/MP4Box /usr/local/bin/MP4Box
#  ln -s /usr/local/cpffmpeg/bin/MP4Box /usr/bin/MP4Box

First of all installing the EPEL repository:-

[p-root@unixsurgeon ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5Server/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

Retrieving http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5Server/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.toDVXj: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6
Preparing…                ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release              ########################################### [100%]

Install nginx:-

[p-root@unixsurgeon ~]# yum install nginx

It will install nginx and ask gpg-key for EPEL, accept with yes option.

Now start your nginx web server.

[p-root@unixsurgeon ~]# service nginx start

Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

The default document root of nginx server :- /usr/share/nginx/html
And the config file path is :-  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Now open your browser and type 127.0.0.1 , it will open your default nginx page like below:-

http://127.0.0.1

The Default Document root is /usr/share/nginx/html….you should now put your content in a location of your choice and edit the root configuration directive in the nginx configuration file /et/nginx/nginx.conf.

Today i finally decided to go ahead with installing subversion, after a bit of reading i opened a ssh session and input :

[root@unixsurgeon.com ~]# yum install subversion

I got an surprise error :-

Error: Missing Dependency: perl(URI) >= 1.17 is needed by package subversion

After a long try i managed to find a solution and i thought to post it here, so that other will find it faster.

First we need to download the perl(URI) with version greater than 1.17 using the following command.

[root@unixsurgeon.com ~]# wget http://yum.trixbox.org/centos/5/RPMS/perl-URI-1.35-3.noarch.rpm

Then to install the perl package :-

[root@unixsurgeon.com ~]# rpm -i perl-URI-1.35-3.noarch.rpm

That is it, you can now install the subversion once again.

In Capnel :-

Problem solved by using the following way:

1. Removed perl* part from the yum repository(/etc/yum.conf)
2. yum install subversion
3. Add perl* back to the yum.conf file

Enjoy Linux…!!!!

Today i am getting the following error after installation of MP4Box.

MP4Box did not find libgpac.so

Error :-

root@unixsurgeon [~]# /usr/local/bin/MP4Box
/usr/local/bin/MP4Box: error while loading shared libraries: libgpac.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
root@unixsurgeon [~]#

Solution :-

The shared libary was compiled, but is not installed to /usr/local/lib. This can be fixed as,

root@unixsurgeon [/usr/local/src/gpac]# install -m644 bin/gcc/libgpac.so /usr/local/lib/libgpac.so
root@unixsurgeon [/usr/local/src/gpac]# chmod +x /usr/local/lib/libgpac.so
root@unixsurgeon [/usr/local/src/gpac]# ldconfig

Now you can verify :-

root@unixsurgeon [~]# /usr/local/bin/MP4Box
MP4Box [option] input [option]
-h general:          general options help
-h hint:             hinting options help
-h import:           import options help
-h encode:           encode options help
-h meta:             meta handling options help
-h extract:          extraction options help
-h dump:             dump options help
-h swf:              Flash (SWF) options help
-h crypt:            ISMA E&A options help
-h format:           supported formats help
-nodes:              lists supported MPEG4 nodes
-node NodeName:      gets MPEG4 node syntax and QP info
-xnodes:             lists supported X3D nodes
-xnode NodeName:     gets X3D node syntax
-snodes:             lists supported SVG nodes
-snode NodeName:     gets SVG node syntax
-languages:              lists supported ISO 639 languages
-quiet:               quiet mode
-v:                  verbose mode
-version:            gets build version

root@unixsurgeon [~]# /usr/local/bin/MP4Box -version
MP4Box – GPAC version 0.4.5 (build 33)
GPAC Copyright: (c) Jean Le Feuvre 2000-2005
(c) ENST 2005-200X
root@unixsurgeon [~]#

Enjoy Linux… !!!

First of all we have to install SNMP service.

[root@p-root /opt]# rpm -qa | grep snmp

[root@p-root /opt]# yum install net-snmp net-snmp-utils

[root@p-root /opt]# service snmpd start

[root@p-root /opt]# chkconfig –add snmpd

[root@p-root /opt]# chkconfig –levels 2345 snmpd on

Run this command,whether is’t working or not,if you get the below output means it’s working:

[root@p-root /opt]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 1

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.192.168.0.128 = INTEGER: 2

Now configure snmpd.conf file. Please take backup of default snmpd.conf file and create new one.

[root@p-root /opt]# mv /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf.bak

[root@p-root /opt]# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

Replace the content in there with following:-

com2sec local localhost public
com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.0/24 public
group MyRWGroup v1 local
group MyRWGroup v2c local
group MyRWGroup usm local
group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork
group MyROGroup v2c mynetwork
group MyROGroup usm mynetwork
view all included .1 80
access MyROGroup “” any noauth exact all none none
access MyRWGroup “” any noauth exact all all none
syslocation “Some place out there”
syscontact Admin <admin@unixsurgeon.com>

Here i am sharing my configuration file  :-

##########################################################

#

# snmpd.conf

#

# – created by the snmpconf configuration program

#

##########################################################

# SECTION: Access Control Setup

#

# This section defines who is allowed to talk to your running

# snmp agent.

# rocommunity: a SNMPv1/SNMPv2c read-only access community name

# arguments: community [default|hostname|network/bits] [oid]

com2sec local localhost private

com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.0/24 public

com2sec mynetwork 115.110.x.x/32 public

group MyRWGroup v1 local

group MyRWGroup v2c local

group MyRWGroup usm local

group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork

group MyROGroup v2c mynetwork

group MyROGroup usm mynetwork

view     all        included         .1         80

access MyROGroup  ” “  any noauth exact all none none

access MyRWGroup  ” “  any noauth exact all all none

syslocation Linux (RH3_UP2), Linux Router.

[root@p-root /opt]# service snmpd restart

Now test your SNMP server.

[root@p-root /opt]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 1

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.192.168.0.128 = INTEGER: 2

Ok. That is all we will do with SNMP. Let us continue MRTG installation.

[root@p-root /opt]# rpm -qa | grep mrtg

[root@p-root /opt]# yum install mrtg

Let us set up data directory to store html files:

[root@p-root /opt]# mkdir /var/www/html/mrtg

Now let us set up mrtg.conf to use for monitoring bandwidth usage:

[root@p-root /opt]# cfgmaker public@192.168.0.128 –global “WorkDir: /var/www/html/mrtg” –output=/etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg

Let us create index file for MRTG page:

[root@p-root /opt]# indexmaker –output=/var/www/html/mrtg/index.html /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg

It is time for us to tell Apache to serve these pages

[root@p-root /opt]# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

Alias /mrtg /var/www/html/mrtg
<location /mrtg>
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/24
</location>

[root@p-root /opt]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 192.168.0.128 interface

[root@p-root /opt]# env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg

[root@p-root /opt]# crontab -e

*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg –logging /var/log/mrtg.log

Open this link in your browser and it will show like this.

http://192.168.0.128/mrtg

Protect your MRTG graphs with password protected directory :-

To restrict access to your MRTG reports. This can easily accomplished with Apache webserver’s .htaccess file.

Below is process to protect graphs using apache’s .htaccess file and htpasswd command:

Step # 1: Create .htaccess file in /var/www/html/mymrtg/ directory (add text as follows):

[root@p-root /]# vi /var/www/html/mymrtg/.htaccess

Then Add following text to file:-

AuthName “MRTG Graphs Restricted Access”
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /var/members/.htpasswd
require user unixsurgeon

Step # 2: Create a user and password name (-c assumes first time you are using .htpasswd file):-

[root@p-root /]# htpasswd -c /var/members/.htpasswd unixsurgeon

=============================================================================================

Enjoy Linux !!!

Basically the PHP/Java Bridge is an implementation of a streaming, XML-based network protocol which can be used to connect a native script engine, for example PHP, Scheme or Python, with a Java virtual machine. It is up to 50 times faster than local RPC via SOAP, requires less resources on the web-server side. It is faster and more reliable than direct communication via the Java Native Interface, and it requires no additional components to invoke Java procedures from PHP or PHP procedures from Java.

How it works :-

A PHP Front end contained in, and associated with, a Java back end. The invoked Front end uses simple HTTP or XML to invoke Java procedures/methods/classes of the running back end. Both, the front end and the back end establish a continuation which may be called at any time from the other continuation.

This mechanism can also be used programmatically: the JAVA interface can be used to invoke PHP methods within a running PHP/Apache server so that Java components can invoke PHP instances and PHP scripts can call Java based applications or transfer control back to the environment where the request came from.

Use for :-

It’s mandatory requirement for all type of payment gateway integration. (Like :- HDFC,ICICI etc.)

For more information :- http://php-java-bridge.sourceforge.net/pjb

Today when i edit one cron job in crontab file of root user…i received following  cryptic error message while trying to update :-

————————————————

root@unixsurgeon [~]# crontab -u root -e

crontab: installing new crontab

“/tmp/crontab.XXXXfkODuc”:9: bad minute

errors in crontab file, can’t install.

Do you want to retry the same edit?

————————————————-

The error message suggests me that there is a format problem with my entry, but the real root cause  is due to DOS line endings (CR LF) in the file. Unix/Linux line endings just use CR. If a crontab is installed without using the crontab -e command, this error might appear.

You can check the line endings by running:
cat -v -e -t /var/spool/cron/username

in my case user :- root

cat -v -e -t /var/spool/cron/root

If you see “^M$” at the end of each line, the file has DOS line endings. Each line should just end with “$”.

The fix is to run the dos2unix command on the crontab to correct the line endings:
dos2unix /var/spool/cron/username

In my case :- dos2unix /var/spool/cron/root
Enjoy Linux…..!!!!

Local_enable=YES

Restart the vsftpd or ftp server daemon:

# service vsftpd restart

By default user is added to /home directory.IF you would  like to add user to another partion  like /var/www/html directory instead of default /home,please use the below command :-

# usermod –d /path/to/new/dir/ username

In my scenario :-

# usermod –d /var/www/html/  john

To add or remove users or groups from your Linux server, first click the System button on the navigational pane on the left, and then select Users and Groups:

Once you are on the Users and Groups page on Webmin, you can easily add or remove individual users from your Linux server. To do this, click on the Create User link at the top and bottom of the users list:

From here, you can select the user’s home directory (/var/web_hosts/USERNAME), as well as enter the user’s password. In addition, you can also change the user’s default group membership (useful if a group of users are working on a particular website or project), and a variety of other options. In particular, we want to make sure that the option “Create Home Directory” is enabled, since we will need to have a home directory of /var/web_hosts/username of our user on this server.

Once you have entered all of the information, click “Create” to create the user account. Once successfull, you are now returned to the main Users and Groups page. To remove a user account, click on the checkbox next to the user account, and click “Delete Selected Users”.

From here, you will be asked to confirm whether or not you wish to delete the selected user, as well as delete the user’s data. Typically, you will want to delete the user’s data as well as the user account, but Webmin gives you the option of both.

Once the user account is successfully deleted, you will then have the option of returning to the Users and Groups page. To add or remove user groups, select the “Local Groups” tab at the top of the Users and Groups page.