Diffrence between nginx & apache :-

Apache is a process-based server, while nginx is an event-based web server.Nginx known as “engineX” probably the best-known asynchronous server and Apache is undoubtedly the best known process-based server.

The main advantage of the asynchronous approach is scalability. In a process-based server, each simultaneous connection requires a thread which incurs significant overhead. An asynchronous server, on the other hand, is event-driven and handles requests in a single (or at least, very few) threads.

While a process-based server can often perform on par with an asynchronous server under light loads, under heavier loads they usually consume far too much RAM which significantly degrades performance. Also, they degrade much faster on less powerful hardware or in a resource-restricted environment such as a VPS.

Pulling numbers from thin air for illustrative purposes, serving 10,000 simultaneous connections would probably only cause Nginx to use a few megabytes of RAM whereas Apache would probably consume hundreds of megabytes (if it could do it at all).

Nginx+cPanel+Apache= Performance boosted secured hosting server

How NginxAdmin will help your cPanel server to increase the performance ?

NginxAdmin is WHM interface of Nginx installer for cPanel server. This plugin will increase your server performance and decrease the server Apache Load. So you can host more websites in a cPanel server than usual.Nginx is known for its high performance, stability, rich feature set, simple configuration, and low resource consumption.Unlike traditional servers, Nginx doesn’t rely on threads to handle requests. Instead it uses a much more scalable event-driven architecture. This architecture uses small, but more importantly, predictable amounts of memory under load.

Even if you don’t expect to handle thousands of simultaneous requests, you can still benefit from Nginx’s high-performance and small memory footprint. Nginx scales in all directions: from the smallest VPS all the way up to clusters of servers.

To install copy and execute following lines :-

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://nginxcp.com/nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
# tar -xvf nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
# cd publicnginx
# ./nginxinstaller install
# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

Troubleshooting Installation:-

If you receive any pyaml related error or the following error

—————————–
Welcome to the Nginx Admin installer……Starting Install
Generating vhosts…
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/scripts/createvhosts.py”, line 2, in ?
import yaml
File “/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-i686.egg/yaml/__init__.py”, line 26
SyntaxError: ‘yield’ not allowed in a ‘try’ block with a ‘finally’ clause
Installing WHM interface…
deploying booster rockets
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/usr/local/src/publicnginx/nginxinstaller2″, line 9, in ?
import createvhosts
File “/usr/local/src/publicnginx/createvhosts.py”, line 2, in ?
import yaml
File “/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-i686.egg/yaml/__init__.py”, line 26
SyntaxError: ‘yield’ not allowed in a ‘try’ block with a ‘finally’ clause
——————————

Then run execute following commands ….
For i686 architecture :-

# easy_install Pyyaml==3.09
# rm -f /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-i686.egg

For x86_64 architecture :-

# easy_install Pyyaml==3.09
# rm -f /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyYAML-3.10-py2.4-linux-x86_64.egg

Then Again run the following commands :-

# ./nginxinstaller install
# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

Now Nginx run on the port no:80 and apache run on the port no.8081.You can manage the nginx through WHM >> Main >> Nginx Admin

To uninstall nginx use following :-

#  cd /usr/local/src
#  wget http://nginxcp.com/nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
#  tar xf nginxadmin2.8-stable.tar
#  cd publicnginx
#  ./nginxinstaller uninstall

Enjoy Linux…!!!!

The following are the instructions for installing a fully fuctional Mp4Box plugins with ffmpeg. You first need to install ffmepg and all its related modules using the script  from  this website. Then please proceed the following steps.

#  yum -y install freetype-devel SDL-devel freeglut-devel
#  wget -c http://mirror.ffmpeginstaller.com/source/gpac/gpac-full-0.4.5.tar.gz
#  tar -xzf gpac-full-0.4.5.tar.gz
#  cd gpac/
# ./configure –-prefix=/usr/local/cpffmpeg/ –-extra-cflags=-I/usr/local/cpffmpeg/include/ –-extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/cpffmpeg/lib –-disable-wx –-strip

#  make
#  make install
Then create softlink for the same :-

#  ln -s /usr/local/cpffmpeg/bin/MP4Box /usr/local/bin/MP4Box
#  ln -s /usr/local/cpffmpeg/bin/MP4Box /usr/bin/MP4Box

First of all installing the EPEL repository:-

[p-root@unixsurgeon ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5Server/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

Retrieving http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5Server/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.toDVXj: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6
Preparing…                ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release              ########################################### [100%]

Install nginx:-

[p-root@unixsurgeon ~]# yum install nginx

It will install nginx and ask gpg-key for EPEL, accept with yes option.

Now start your nginx web server.

[p-root@unixsurgeon ~]# service nginx start

Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

The default document root of nginx server :- /usr/share/nginx/html
And the config file path is :-  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Now open your browser and type 127.0.0.1 , it will open your default nginx page like below:-

http://127.0.0.1

The Default Document root is /usr/share/nginx/html….you should now put your content in a location of your choice and edit the root configuration directive in the nginx configuration file /et/nginx/nginx.conf.

Solution :-

The issue with directory permissions or directory ownership of the directory where PHP keeps its session files.

Locate the directory where sessions are stored in the php.ini file. It will look something like this, although the exact path will vary depending on the distro and any customizations you may have made yourself:

session.save_path = “/var/lib/php/session”

Now check the permissions of that directory and make sure that the web server has permissions to access it.

You may need to either change ownership of the directory, e.g.:

# chown user:group /var/lib/php/session

and substitute “user” for the actual username and “group” for the actual group, and /var/lib/php/session for the actual session save path.

Alternatively, just change the permissions of the directory so it’s world readable and writable:

# chmod 0777 /var/lib/php/session
Enjoy Linux…!!!!

Today i finally decided to go ahead with installing subversion, after a bit of reading i opened a ssh session and input :

[root@unixsurgeon.com ~]# yum install subversion

I got an surprise error :-

Error: Missing Dependency: perl(URI) >= 1.17 is needed by package subversion

After a long try i managed to find a solution and i thought to post it here, so that other will find it faster.

First we need to download the perl(URI) with version greater than 1.17 using the following command.

[root@unixsurgeon.com ~]# wget http://yum.trixbox.org/centos/5/RPMS/perl-URI-1.35-3.noarch.rpm

Then to install the perl package :-

[root@unixsurgeon.com ~]# rpm -i perl-URI-1.35-3.noarch.rpm

That is it, you can now install the subversion once again.

In Capnel :-

Problem solved by using the following way:

1. Removed perl* part from the yum repository(/etc/yum.conf)
2. yum install subversion
3. Add perl* back to the yum.conf file

Enjoy Linux…!!!!

Q. What is zlib ?

Ans :- zlib is a software library used for data compression. zlib is an abstraction of the DEFLATE compression algorithm used in their gzip file compression program.

How to Install MP4Box on Linux Box :-

1.Install the dependency :-

[root@p-root ~]# yum install zlib*

2.Download MP4Box :-

Execute Following commands on Shell to Download the MP4Box Source.

[root@p-root ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@p-root src]# wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/gpac/GPAC/GPAC%200.4.5/gpac-0.4.5.tar.gz
[root@p-root src]# wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/gpac/GPAC%20extra%20libs/GPAC%20extra%20libs%200.4.5/gpac_extra_libs-0.4.5.tar.gz

“gpac-0.4.5.tar.gz” is Main Source for MP4Box where as “gpac_extra_libs-0.4.5.tar.gz” contains Extra Libraries which will enhance the functionality of MP4Box.

3.Extract the Downloaded sources :-

[root@p-root src]# tar -zxvf gpac-0.4.5.tar.gz
[root@p-root src]# tar -zxvf gpac_extra_libs-0.4.5.tar.gz

4. Copy the Additional Libraries from “gpac_extra_libs” to “gpac” folder :-

[root@p-root src]# cd gpac_extra_libs
[root@p-root gpac_extra_libs]# cp -r * /usr/local/src/gpac/extra_lib
[root@p-root gpac_extra_libs]# cd ..

5. Install GPac or MP4Box :- Execute following Commands on the Shell of your Linux Server one after one (Make sure it doesn’t throw any Error).

[root@p-root src]# cd gpac
[root@p-root gpac]# chmod +x configure
[root@p-root gpac]# ./configure
[root@p-root gpac]# make lib
[root@p-root gpac]# make apps
[root@p-root gpac]# make install lib
[root@p-root gpac]# make install

Might be you will encounter this error :- This Error can be fixed by creating an symbolic link of /usr/lib64/libglut.so.3 to /usr/lib64/libglut.so

ERROR:-

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lglut
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Fix :-

[root@p-root gpac]#ls /usr/lib64 |grep glut
libglut.so.3
[root@p-root gpac]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libglut.so.3 /usr/lib64/libglut.so

6. Once GPAC get installed Properly, copy the gpac .so file from gpac directory to System libraries :-

[root@p-root gpac]# cp bin/gcc/libgpac.so /usr/lib

7. Hurrey…. !!!! Mp4Box installed now….you can cross verify the MP4Box installation :-

[root@p-root ~]# which MP4Box
/usr/local/bin/MP4Box
[root@p-root ~]#

First of all we have to install SNMP service.

[root@p-root /opt]# rpm -qa | grep snmp

[root@p-root /opt]# yum install net-snmp net-snmp-utils

[root@p-root /opt]# service snmpd start

[root@p-root /opt]# chkconfig –add snmpd

[root@p-root /opt]# chkconfig –levels 2345 snmpd on

Run this command,whether is’t working or not,if you get the below output means it’s working:

[root@p-root /opt]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 1

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.192.168.0.128 = INTEGER: 2

Now configure snmpd.conf file. Please take backup of default snmpd.conf file and create new one.

[root@p-root /opt]# mv /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf.bak

[root@p-root /opt]# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

Replace the content in there with following:-

com2sec local localhost public
com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.0/24 public
group MyRWGroup v1 local
group MyRWGroup v2c local
group MyRWGroup usm local
group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork
group MyROGroup v2c mynetwork
group MyROGroup usm mynetwork
view all included .1 80
access MyROGroup “” any noauth exact all none none
access MyRWGroup “” any noauth exact all all none
syslocation “Some place out there”
syscontact Admin <admin@unixsurgeon.com>

Here i am sharing my configuration file  :-

##########################################################

#

# snmpd.conf

#

# – created by the snmpconf configuration program

#

##########################################################

# SECTION: Access Control Setup

#

# This section defines who is allowed to talk to your running

# snmp agent.

# rocommunity: a SNMPv1/SNMPv2c read-only access community name

# arguments: community [default|hostname|network/bits] [oid]

com2sec local localhost private

com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.0/24 public

com2sec mynetwork 115.110.x.x/32 public

group MyRWGroup v1 local

group MyRWGroup v2c local

group MyRWGroup usm local

group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork

group MyROGroup v2c mynetwork

group MyROGroup usm mynetwork

view     all        included         .1         80

access MyROGroup  ” “  any noauth exact all none none

access MyRWGroup  ” “  any noauth exact all all none

syslocation Linux (RH3_UP2), Linux Router.

[root@p-root /opt]# service snmpd restart

Now test your SNMP server.

[root@p-root /opt]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 1

IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex.192.168.0.128 = INTEGER: 2

Ok. That is all we will do with SNMP. Let us continue MRTG installation.

[root@p-root /opt]# rpm -qa | grep mrtg

[root@p-root /opt]# yum install mrtg

Let us set up data directory to store html files:

[root@p-root /opt]# mkdir /var/www/html/mrtg

Now let us set up mrtg.conf to use for monitoring bandwidth usage:

[root@p-root /opt]# cfgmaker public@192.168.0.128 –global “WorkDir: /var/www/html/mrtg” –output=/etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg

Let us create index file for MRTG page:

[root@p-root /opt]# indexmaker –output=/var/www/html/mrtg/index.html /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg

It is time for us to tell Apache to serve these pages

[root@p-root /opt]# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

Alias /mrtg /var/www/html/mrtg
<location /mrtg>
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/24
</location>

[root@p-root /opt]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 192.168.0.128 interface

[root@p-root /opt]# env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg

[root@p-root /opt]# crontab -e

*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg –logging /var/log/mrtg.log

Open this link in your browser and it will show like this.

http://192.168.0.128/mrtg

Protect your MRTG graphs with password protected directory :-

To restrict access to your MRTG reports. This can easily accomplished with Apache webserver’s .htaccess file.

Below is process to protect graphs using apache’s .htaccess file and htpasswd command:

Step # 1: Create .htaccess file in /var/www/html/mymrtg/ directory (add text as follows):

[root@p-root /]# vi /var/www/html/mymrtg/.htaccess

Then Add following text to file:-

AuthName “MRTG Graphs Restricted Access”
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /var/members/.htpasswd
require user unixsurgeon

Step # 2: Create a user and password name (-c assumes first time you are using .htpasswd file):-

[root@p-root /]# htpasswd -c /var/members/.htpasswd unixsurgeon

=============================================================================================

Enjoy Linux !!!

1. Sync time with NTP(Network Time Protocol) server.

# which ntpdate

If its not display anything then type:

# yum install ntp

3. Once ntp is installed sync your system/server clock with any NTP server:

# ntpdate 0.us.pool.ntp.org

3. You are not limited to the above server. There are numerous NTP servers around the world. You can find a complete list at ntp.org. Also keep in mind that ntp only affects the system time. The hardware clock on your server will not reflect that. So you want to set it as well so that the correct time is maintained after reboot:

# hwclock –systohc

# ntpd

4. To keep your server clock automatically synchronized you can run the ntpd daemon which is installed as part of the ntp package. Edit the /etc/ntp.conf file to comment out the following lines:

# vi /etc/ntp.conf

——————————————–
#server 127.127.1.0     # local clock
#fudge  127.127.1.0 stratum 10
——————————————–

5. The above two lines can sometimes prevent ntpd from properly synchronizing your clock. They are already commented out by default on CentOS/RHEL 6. But on 5.x you have to comment them out manually. Finally type the following two commands to start the daemon and make it run automatically at boot up:

# service ntpd start

# chkconfig ntpd on

If you have WHM/cpanel installed on your server:-

Then login to WHM with the root details and go to Main >> Server Configuration >> Server Time

ANd click on sync time with time server,it will sync the server time with cpanel NTP server.

Also you can set the cron to server clock automatically synchronization with the following :-

0 9 * * * rdate rdate.cpanel.net

The above entry sync the server time at 9 o’clock every day with cpanel time server.

Enjoy Linux…

Download j2sdk-<version> from Sun Download center http://developers.sun.com/downloads/

# chmod +x j2sdk-1_4_2_09-linux-i586.bin
# ./j2sdk-1_4_2_09-linux-i586.bin

Now set java home path

# vi .bash_profile

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/j2sdk

Now Check if Java is installed on the server using command java -version

[root@map ~]# java -version
java version “1.6.0_07?
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_07-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 10.0-b23, mixed mode, sharing)

# Download Tomcat

Now Download Tomcat from Apache Website and extract it

http://tomcat.apache.org/download-55.cgi

# cd /usr/local/
#wget http://www.poolsaboveground.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.18/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz

Create Symlink for the Tomcat Folder

# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.18 /usr/local/apache/tomcat

# Install Tomcat

# cd apache-tomcat-6.0.18
# cd bin
# tar xvfz jsvc.tar.gz
# cd jsvc-src
# chmod +x configure
# ./configure
# make
# cp jsvc ..
# cd ..

Now set Cataline home path

# vi .bash_profile

CATALINA_HOME=/usr/loca/tomcat

JAVA=/usr/loca/j2sdk/bin

Save and exit

# Type following commands

# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/j2sdk

# export JAVA=/usr/local/j2sdk/bin

# export CATALINA=/usr/local/tomcat

# Start Tomcat

Use Following script to start Tomcat Service on the Server

# /usr/local/apache/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

# Running Tomcat as non root user

Due to security reasons always run tomcat as non-root user i.e. tomcat. To run it as tomcat first you will have to change the ownership of the tomcat folder

# chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.18

Now Tomcat can be stopped and started under user tomcat using following commands:

# su -l tomcat -c /usr/local/apache/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
# su -l tomcat -c /usr/local/apache/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

# Test Tomcat installation

open a browser and browse website http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080 where xx.xx.xx.xx will be your Server IP and If you get Tomcat page than Tomcat has been installed properly on the Server.

# Creating Script to start, stop and restart Tomcat

The above installation step will not create tomcat service so that user can restart tomcat using command service tomcat restart. Create a new file in /etc/init.d as tomcat and copy following contenents into it.
# vi /etc/init.d/tomcat

#!/bin/bash

#
# Startup script for Tomcat
#
# chkconfig: 345 84 16
# description: Tomcat jakarta JSP server
# Necessary environment variables
export CATALINA_HOME=”/usr/local/tomcat”
if [ ! -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh ]
then
echo “Tomcat not available…”
exit
fi

start() {
echo -n -e ‘\E[0;0m'"\033[1;32mStarting Tomcat: \033[0m \n"
su -l tomcat -c $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
echo
touch /var/lock/subsys/tomcatd
sleep 3
}

stop() {
echo -n -e '\E[0;0m'"\033[1;31mShutting down Tomcat: \033[m \n"
su -l tomcat -c $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/tomcatd
echo
}

status() {
ps ax --width=1000 | grep "[o]rg.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start” | awk ‘{printf $1 ” “}’ | wc | awk ‘{print $2}’ > /tmp/tomcat_process_count.txt
read line < /tmp/tomcat_process_count.txt
if [ $line -gt 0 ]; then
echo -n “tomcatd ( pid ”
ps ax –width=1000 | grep “[o]rg.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start” | awk ‘{printf $1 ” “}’
echo -n “) is running…”
echo
else
echo “Tomcat is stopped”
fi
}

case “$1? in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
sleep 3
start
;;
status)
status
;;
*)
echo “Usage: tomcatd {start|stop|restart|status}”
exit 1
esac

Now save and exit from the file. Now assign executable permission to this file

# chown 755 /etc/init.d/tomcat

Enable it for all the Run-levels

# chkconfig –add tomcat
# chkconfig tomcat on

Now you can restart tomcat service using following commands.

# service tomcat restart <<< To restart tomcat
# service tomcat stop <<< To stop Tomcat
# service tomcat start <<< To start Tomcat
# service tomcat Status <<< to check the status of Tomcat

Now you have successfully installed Tomcat.

====================================================================

Enjoy Linux !!!

Basically the PHP/Java Bridge is an implementation of a streaming, XML-based network protocol which can be used to connect a native script engine, for example PHP, Scheme or Python, with a Java virtual machine. It is up to 50 times faster than local RPC via SOAP, requires less resources on the web-server side. It is faster and more reliable than direct communication via the Java Native Interface, and it requires no additional components to invoke Java procedures from PHP or PHP procedures from Java.

How it works :-

A PHP Front end contained in, and associated with, a Java back end. The invoked Front end uses simple HTTP or XML to invoke Java procedures/methods/classes of the running back end. Both, the front end and the back end establish a continuation which may be called at any time from the other continuation.

This mechanism can also be used programmatically: the JAVA interface can be used to invoke PHP methods within a running PHP/Apache server so that Java components can invoke PHP instances and PHP scripts can call Java based applications or transfer control back to the environment where the request came from.

Use for :-

It’s mandatory requirement for all type of payment gateway integration. (Like :- HDFC,ICICI etc.)

For more information :- http://php-java-bridge.sourceforge.net/pjb